The Paleoceanography during the Time with High δ13C of Phanerozoic marine carbonates     

Huang Sijing  Li Xiaoning  Wu Wenhui  Zhang Meng  Hu Zuowei  Liu Sibing  Huang Keke  Zhong Yijiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1185-1197

Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high ¹³C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO₂ content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of ¹³C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in ¹³C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high ¹³C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high ¹⁸O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO₂ and pO₂ states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO₂ by green plants during the time with high ¹³C of seawater forced CO₂ being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO₂ in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO₂ from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO₂. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO₂ to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction.  相似文献   

An Review of International Climate Change Conference and Analysis on Recent Hot Issues     

Zeng Jingjing  Qu Jiansheng  Pei Huijuan  Dong Liping  Liao Qin  Liu Yanfei  Zhang Zhiqiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1210-1217

The international climate change negotiation has been carried out over 20 years. The issue of climate change has shifted from a scientific question into a complex political matter which is related to the sustainable development of mankind. Based on the overview of major processes and stages of international climate conferences, this paper analyzed the key measures that major countries have taken to address climate change, as well as the primary tasks of Paris climate conference and recent international actions. The recent international climate policy issues were also analyzed in order to provide suggestions for China’s activel participation in the development of a new round of international climate change system.  相似文献   

Assessment of Constraint Factors of Resources and Environment of Sustainable Development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion: Based on the Framework of Landscape Sustainability Science     

Zhang Da  He Chunyang  Wu Jianguo  Huang Qingxu 《地球科学进展》2015,30(10):1151-1161

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is an important engine for China’s socioeconomic development. Timely and effectively assessing constraint factors of resources and environment is of great significance for the sustainability assessment and the sustainable development of this region. However, comprehensive assessment research considering key resource and environmental constraints are still lacking. In this study, therefore, the limiting factors of resources and the environment in the BTH region were assessed based on the framework of landscape sustainability science. First, we chose five limiting factors, including topographic condition, geological environment, water resource, land resource, and atmospheric environment, to assess the constraints of resources and the environment using the single-factor evaluation method and the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the results, we divided the whole region into five subregions, i.e., the ecological conservation subregion, the geological disaster subregion, the water resource scarcity subregion, the atmospheric pollution subregion, and the cropland protection subregion. The results revealed that the northern BTH region was highly constrained by topographic conditions, the central BTH region was strongly constrained by geological environment and water resources, whereas the southern BTH region was constrained mainly by land resources and atmospheric environment. In addition, water resource was the main limiting factor for regional population growth and economic development. In 2010, the water resource scarcity subregion had a total population of 39.59 million, an urban population of 76.90%, and a gross domestic product of 2 455.57 billion yuan. We argue that the sustainable development of the BTH region should explicitly consider the resource and environmental limiting factors, implement land use optimization according to local conditions, maintain multiple land use types and diverse management strategies, based on the perspective of “strong sustainability”, so as to promote the regional sustainable development.  相似文献   

Advances in Oxygenation Theory and Technology in Deep Lakes     

Lan Chen  Chen Jing&#x  an  Zeng Yan  Guo Jianyang  Zhang Runyu  Wang Jingfu  Yang Haiquan  Ji Yongxue 《地球科学进展》2015,30(10):1172-1181

Deep lakes always maintain vertical thermal stratification due to their physical structure. The thermocline prevents the transfer of oxygen from epilimnion to hypolimnion, leading to the formation of anoxic conditions in deeper water, the enhanced release of endogenous pollutants and the deterioration of water quality. Oxygenation is an effective measure to improve the water quality of deep lakes and mitigate the release of endogenous pollutants via the increase of the oxygen level in water. This paper provided an overview of the method and theory of oxygenation in deep lakes. Advantages and limitations of different methods of oxygenation, including artificial destratification, airlift aerators, Speece cone and bubble plume diffusers, were discussed. In addition, challenges and prospects of oxygenation were assessed based on the analyzing of typical examples of oxygenation in deep lakes and the difference in oxygenation system used in deep lakes and shallow lakes.  相似文献   

2 BQM－6型免耕播种机结构设计及开沟器的力学分析     

张守德  杜健民  郝飞  周国栋  佘文龙 《地下水》2015,(3)

保护性耕作技术因其具有减少风蚀、保墒、提前播种期等作用,近年来在北方干旱地区得到逐步推广。免耕播种机作为保护性耕作的主要机具,其使用性能直接影响着这一技术的应用。为此,根据目前免耕播种机存在的主要问题,设计了2 BQM－6型气吸式免耕播种机,实现了切茬、排茬、施肥、播种及覆土镇压等联合作业。在此基础上,对该免耕播种机重要部件开沟器进行了力学分析,寻找出了开沟器最容易疲劳失效的部位。  相似文献   

新疆北塔山地区埃姆斯期地层沉积相分析     

冯江鹏  张建东  宋倩倩 《新疆地质》2015,(2):195-198

对新疆北塔山地区下泥盆统埃姆斯阶实测剖面综合研究,结合地层中岩石组合、结构、构造、生物面貌等因素,将区内埃姆斯期地层沉积相进行划分。卓木巴斯套组下部发育海退系列滨浅海沉积相,中上部发育障壁岛向陆地迁移的海进序列,将其划分出浅海陆棚斜坡亚相、远滨亚相、临滨亚相、前滨亚相、风暴海滩亚相、泻湖亚相等沉积亚相,并描述各亚相特征。结合古生物特征分析研究区古地理环境演化机制,并与邻区同时期沉积环境进行对比,认为研究区在布拉格末期—早埃姆斯期发生了一次规模小、速度慢的海退,晚埃姆斯期—早埃菲尔期发生了大规模海进。  相似文献   

东准噶尔双泉金矿LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及赋矿岩石地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏虎  弓小平  潘展超  韩琼  宋相龙  张燕波 《新疆地质》2015,(2):212-218

为了解双泉金矿成矿时代及成矿环境,分别对双泉金矿含金石英脉和赋矿岩石进行采样测试分析。高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年结果表明,双泉金矿含金石英脉加权平均206Pb/238U年龄为(303.53±0.79)Ma,代表了含金石英脉形成年龄,属晚石炭世前后挤压推覆构造体系产物。与双泉金矿主成矿期年龄对比,结合矿区成矿条件及黄铁矿、毒砂等矿物形态特征,认为该金矿的形成不是一期结果,而是经历了预富集、富集的演化历程。赋矿岩石地球化学分析结果表明,岩石的SiO2、K2O、CaO(SiO2=58.82%~89.25%,K2O=1.12%~4.47%,CaO=0.52%~4.47%)含量高,Na2O含量低(Na2O=0.43%~1.76%),A/CNK值大于1,δ值小于3.3,属过铝质、钙碱性岩石,具富钾钙、贫钠镁特点;Ba相对Rb,Th亏损,K2O含量接近活动陆缘K2O含量,TiO2含量与岛弧TiO2含量接近,推断岩体形成于活动陆缘或岛弧环境;稀土元素具弱的负Eu、负Ce异常,(La/Sm)N值较(Gd/Yb)N值大,轻稀土元素分馏程度高于重稀土元素,表明岩浆具壳幔混熔特点。东准噶尔后碰撞阶段早石炭世至二叠纪晚期发生的陆-陆碰撞造山及伸展张弛构造运动可能是造成此结果的主要构造因素。  相似文献   

歧口凹陷歧南低斜坡沙三段物源体系及聚砂规律     

张晶  李双文  袁淑琴  冀虎山  刘娟娟 《新疆地质》2015,(2):245-250

物源问题一度成为制约歧口凹陷歧南低斜坡沙三段油气勘探的焦点。在综合分析沉积期古地貌及沟谷展布特征、地震属性特征、碎屑颗粒组分、重矿物组合特征、砂体展布特征等资料基础上,探讨歧南低斜坡沙三段沉积时期物源体系特征及分布。结果表明:歧南低斜坡沙三段存在3大物源体系,其中,西部歧南水道物源体系延伸距离远,波及范围大,控制了歧南低斜坡沙三段沉积时期砂体的形成与分布。进一步研究表明,古物源与沉积体系具良好的空间配置关系。受歧南水道主物源体系控制,低斜坡发育辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,砂体分布具"埕宁隆起物源供砂,歧南水道沟槽输砂,物源体系-坡折带联合控砂"的内在机制。物源方向的确定对研究沉积体系展布、砂体分布及有利勘探区预测具重要意义。  相似文献   

断层输导下储集层排驱压力对油气成藏影响作用     

刘刚  张义杰  姜林 《地质科技情报》2015,(1):118-122

利用油气成藏物理模拟方法,从排驱压力角度研究了断层输导下的油气藏形成过程。研究表明,储集层排驱压力控制与断层侧向配置不同储盖组合的成藏次序,即排驱压力小的储盖组合优先成藏,排驱压力较大的储盖组合次之,这种控制作用与储盖组合的空间相对位置无关;排驱压力影响不同储盖组合的含油或含气饱和度,排驱压力越小,含油或含气饱和度越高,这种影响作用会因储集层空间相对位置的不同而有所差异;断层与储集层的对接与否是储盖组合成藏的先决条件,与断层对接具备成藏的可能性,而未与断层对接则难以成藏。研究结论可用于勘探实践中对断层输导下多套储盖组合试油层位进行评价优选。  相似文献   

加拿大纽芬兰省稀有稀土矿化特征与勘查进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘敬党  梁帅  张艳飞  翟富荣 《地质科技情报》2015,(1):167-172

纽芬兰省稀有稀土成矿地质条件优越,矿化主要与侵入的过碱性长英质岩及其喷出岩有关,矿化围岩为中元古代火成岩系,矿床成因类型为岩浆型和热液交代型,且以前者为主,典型矿床为世界级大型原生Strange Lake(Nd-Y-Zr-REE)矿床。目前,地球化学方法是区内寻找稀有稀土矿床最有效的勘探工具,拉布拉多主要勘查区为Letitia Lake、Red Wine Mountains、Flowers River和Strange Lake,纽芬兰岛主要勘查区为Fortune Bay、Clode Sound、Trinity Bay和Lost Pond。  相似文献